To What Extent Can Blanche Dubois Be Described as a Victim in a Street Car Named Desire free essay sample

This play is about people who display cruelty and harshness in their treatment to others, especially those who are weak and vulnerable. Blanche Dubois is the central victim of mistreatment even though she had tried to make Stanley the victim. She displays her self as fragile and moth like, dealing out her share of insensitivities that happened during her younger days. Also because of her moth like image, the other characters see her as an easy target to knock down and use her insecurities against her. Her figure and appearance also reveals her vulnerability and delicacy. â€Å"Slim figure, face of delicate, fading beauty† All this and her clinging on to material preferences, being reassured by alcohol make her a victim to ours and the other characters eyes. â€Å"In some kinds of people some tendered feelings have had some little beginning! That we have to make grow! And cling to, and hold as our flag! † Even thought she has a habit of bringing her insecurities to the surface, she still believes she is a strong successful woman. We will write a custom essay sample on To What Extent Can Blanche Dubois Be Described as a Victim in a Street Car Named Desire? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I’m not young and vulnerable any more† She shows this in how she is stuck up and snobby, insulting Stanley and persuading Stelia that he is just an animal and nothing more. He acts like an animal, has an animal’s habits! Eats like one, moves like one, talks like one! † She refuses to be calm and flutters around like she can not relax. You can see this in her speech as she contradicts her self and answers her own questions. This isolates her from the other characters as they are more laid back or sociable to other people. Also as she can not let go of guilt and others can, for example when Stanley is abusive to Stelia, he sees his mistakes and leaves them be, though when Blanche talks about her past and her youth, it seems that she can not forgive her self for something that was not her fault. This also isolates her and is the other reason why she is a victim. She drinks because she is guilty about her husband’s deaths; her taking long baths is a symbol of her yearning to wash away her guilt of prostitution. Maybe this is the reason why she never seems to be her self; she continues to contradict her self through out the play, telling different life stories to different people which make her seem vulnerable. Sometimes it feels like she is doing it for sympathy or attention or maybe just to grasp people’s reactions. She makes a scene about not being able to be shown in light as it might show her real identity, â€Å"I don’t want realism. I want magic! † feeling if she does give away her true appearance people will think she is old as her long beauty is all she has. And then the searchlight which had been turned on the world was turned off again and never for one moment since has there been any light that’s stronger than this—kitchen—candle. † To how Blanche became a victim, is her past being destroyed by the events in her life? When Blanche was 16, she had a very handsome lover named Allan Gray. She was very much in love with him and decided to marry him. But by total surprise one night, Blanche found her lover in bed with another man. She tried to pretend that nothing had happened. However, she was unable to hold what she saw inside, and told Allan I saw, I know, you disgust me . To Allan, Blanche seemed to be a person who accepted him for who he was in a society where homosexuals are discriminated against. What Blanche said completely devastated Allan and he found no reason to continue living? Although Blanche had no intentions of hurting Allan, enough damage was done to prompt Allan to shoot himself, his mind and body destroyed. She may have reacted like this because of her aristocratic past and up bring, as she was brought up in a time where discrimination was at its height. For example in the end of the play you are reminded that she rudely dismisses a black neighbor’s kindness. Because of the death of her husband she slips from one sexual affair to the next and begins to drink heavily. It is well known that drinking increases vulnerability. This behavior causes her to loose her teaching job and her self respect. He desperate attempts to reinvent her self in front of Steila and Stanley ends up with her sympathizing with her self and allowing them to pick up on her disturbing past. On Stanley’s behalf they end up rejecting her like she rejected her husband and shortly enough she slips into her own insanity. It was not just her self that put her in the lime light of being a victim; it is also her new change of environment and people. Stanley is Stellas husband; he is described to be very masculine and aware of his sexual magnetism. â€Å"Strongly, compactly built†. He is mostly at ease with people however, if they lack loyalty and affection to him, he will bully them. Especially women, as he believes them just to be easy conflict. It is seen in scene 3 that Stanley has little respect for women. â€Å"I said to hush up! † This is addressed to his wife who is seen emotionless and impassive in this play. As for Blanche how is fussy and at edge, she would be very effected by the crude attitude that Stanley presents and so tries to hysterical take Stella away from her husband. Stanley does not forget of this act of interference and makes him all the more determined to be rid of Stella’s â€Å"charity case†. The real reason for Stanley’s bulling is that Blanche immediately received all Stella’s attention. â€Å"How about my supper huh? I’m not going to no Galatorires’ for supper† This made Stella dominant in power over Stanley and Blanche, something Stanley was not used to. â€Å"I put you a cold plate on ice†. So from this Stanley decides that he must make Blanche a victim by reveling her true self to Mitch (who she loves) and Stella. The two people who are most important to her. â€Å"I don’t care if she hears me, Lets see the papers! † By her losing the Belle-Reve Stanley can use this information to unravel her past and bully the truth out of her until she goes insane. â€Å"Why I’ve been half crazy, Stella! Stella played a small part of also making Blanche a Victim, she made Blanches insecurities obvious. â€Å"And admire her dress and tell her she’s looking wonderful, that’s important to her. Her little weakness. † Also Stella is very quiet and reserved around Blanche, her excuse being â€Å"You never give me a chance to talk! † Even though some times her notes may some times be a bit dry and sarcastic, Blanche is unaware and still continues to talk about her dreams, upsets and desire showing her anxiety. â€Å"What do you want me to do? † Stella’s silent manner is her response to show what is no importance of hers. It is clear that she loves her husband a lot more then her sister. â€Å"now honey, now love† She is more convinced by her husband that her sister is insane then to help her, thus leading to her complicity in Blanche’s committal. â€Å"I don’t know you! I don’t know you! † Mitch is the person that Blanche is in love with; he promises her a safe haven yet spurs Stanley indirectly to find out about Blanches past. Mitches interest in Blanche encourages Stanley to think of her sexually desirable, leading to the catastrophic events of Mitch trying to raping her and also Stanley raping her further on. Fumbling to embrace her† Because Blanche had total trust in Mitch, she could tell him her past when things came at its worse, she used this as a sympathy act in scene 10, searching for comfort of a man, of a stranger. â€Å"I love the company of strangers† Instead he uncovered her mask, showing her true identity, showing her vulnerability and showing her as a victim of her past and thoughts. â€Å"I like it dark, the dark is comforting. † By striping down her fantasy world, it made her almost child like and naked. â€Å"I don’t want realism† Leaving her efenseless and exposed. Also being the victim of Mitch’s actions. Blanche skips from one sexual encounter to another and seemed incapable of committing herself to a permanent relationship. When Blanche longs for Mitch to marry her, she is not seeking permanent sexual relationship but the material security of a home of her own. â€Å"The poor mans paradise, is a little peace† Blanche is show to be a victim of desire, the overpowering passion that she wants leads to a string of promiscuous encounters, strung along helplessly, unable to escape. Blanches fate is foreordaining, meaning she was a victim from the start. â€Å"Haven’t you ever ridden on that street car? † â€Å"It brought me here†. Because of her shocking past of her ghastly deaths in Belle Reve, her sexual life and her death of her husband. She is almost drawn to a flame to die. (drawn to her sister, to be literal and figuratively killed This is more evidence for her fate being foreordaining, as she frequently compared to a moth. Even the play it self was once called â€Å"The moth† Blanches world is full of grays and pastel colors (the colours of a moth) She cannot stand a vulgar remark, a loud noise, or a harsh light. As a result, she prefers darkness and dim candlelight, the perfect setting for her make-believe world that has no pain or memories. It also hides the reality of her departed youth and advancing age. Blanche prefers to be an ethereal character, living on the edge of the world. That is why the simile of the moth befits her.

Essay about Travel Guide

Essay about Travel Guide Essay about Travel Guide Travel Guide: Paris, France Restaurants in Paris have gourmet food exquisite experiences for everyone to enjoy. Here are some of the restaurant’s the tourists can enjoy. Le Meurice Le Meurice is a fancy restaurant at the hotel Meurice. This restaurant is a bit pricy, but it’s a lavish time for anyone who attends. -Address: 228 rue de Rivoli -lemeurice.com -Open from Lunch Dinner Mon-Fri -Average 200â‚ ¬ Huitretrie Regis Located in the heart of Saint Germain des Pres, Huitretrie Regis specializes in their oysters which are delivered straight from the Atlantic coast. They also serve, depending upon availability, prawns, clams, and sea urchins. -Address: 3 rue de Montfaucon -huitrerieregis.com -Open Tues-Sun for Lunch Dinner -Average 35â‚ ¬ Le Stella Le Stella is one of Paris’ small amount of independent restaurants, and one of the tastiest. Le Stella serves French classics such as onion soup, escargots, sole meunià ¨re, steak tartare, roast lamb and other Gallic standards. -Address: 133, avenue Victor Hugo -Open daily for Lunch Dinner. -Average 35â‚ ¬ Ze Kitchen Galerie Unlike its surrounding galleries, this gallery has a restaurant. The chef here likes to throw Asian flares into their food and restaurant designs. -Address: 4 rue des Grands-Augustins -zekitchengalerie.fr -Open for Lunch Dinner Mon-Sat -Average 55â‚ ¬ Maceo This handsome looking restaurant feeds its guests with amazing plates lined with the freshest vegetables and wonderful dà ©cor. -Address: 15 rue des Petits-Champs -maceorestaurant.com -Open for Lunch Dinner Mon-Fri, Sat Dinner only. -Average 60â‚ ¬ There are many Hotels in Paris. Here are some of the hotels that would suit a couple visiting Paris. Hà ´tel du Jeu de Paume This hotel is perfect for a visiting couple. Almost dead center in the city, and was once the royal tennis court! This hotel is perfect for strolling hand-in-hand, leisurely dinners and kissing while overlooking the Seine River. 221American Dollars + Per night. Chateau de Montvillargenne This is one of the more lovely and unique chateau hotels in the Paris area, and is located 20 miles from the city and a mile from the Chantilly rail station. The stunning castle built in 1900 is the epitome of romance, featuring a whirlpool tub in every finely appointed non-smoking room. There is an indoor pool, a sauna and three golf courses within five minutes of the chateau. (About.com France Travel) 164 American Dollars + Per Night L'Hotel This quaint, boutique style hotel is intimate and inviting for any couple looking for a little Parisian romance. This hip hotel, formerly seeing guests like Oscar Wilde and other authors, is situated in the youthful and artistic Left Bank St. Germain de Pres neighborhood. Couples can spend hours sitting at nearby cafes, gazing into one another's love struck eyes. The themed rooms are stunning and luxurious. (About.com France Travel) 379 American Dollars + Per Night Hotel de Banville In the quieter 17th arrondissement of Paris, this lovely and charming small hotel makes a fine city getaway for romance. Each room features its own unique decor and style. Some rooms feature balconies with views of the Eiffel Tower. The turndown service, robes and slippers make a stay feel indulgent.(About.com France Travel) 188+ American Dollars + Per Night Hotel Britannique If you are a couple on a budget, but you still want the romance of Paris, this is a fabulous cheap hotel. The rooms are small, but hey, it is just the two of you. It has probably one of the most central locations in all of Paris, though, a block from the Seine and in the first arrondissement. 240 American Dollars + Per Night Paris is home to many indoor activities and not your usual ones! Paris has catacombs, museums and coffee shops like no other! Here are just some of the things Paris has to offer. The Louvre and other museums The Louvre museum is one of Paris’ star attractions and

The Best SAT Vocabulary Practice Tips and Resources

The Best SAT Vocabulary Practice Tips and Resources SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips A solid vocabulary is essential to getting a high SAT score. But what methods can give you the quality SAT vocab practice you'll need to succeed on test day? After all, just reading a lengthy list of vocab words doesn't necessarily mean you'll know how to use them in a sentence or be able to remember what they mean on during the exam. We explain how important vocab is on the SAT and how it’s tested. More importantly, we give you our top four vocab study methods as well as our picks for the five best resources to use for quality SAT vocabulary practice. Read on to learn what these are! How Important Is SAT Vocab Practice? Although it’s important to know some vocabulary, the truth is that vocabulary doesn’t play a very big part on the SAT. So if you’re not a fan of memorizing hundreds of words, this is great news! However, if you’re aiming for a high or even perfect SAT score, you'll definitely need to memorize some of the vocab words most likely to appear on the test. But what exactly does vocabulary look like on the SAT? For starters, all vocab questions (in both the Reading and Writing and Language sections) are based on reading passages, so you’ll always have context to help you figure out the meaning of a word or phrase. On the old (pre-2016) SAT, you had Sentence Completion questions, for which you had to choose the correct vocab word for an isolated sentence. Basically, you hadzero context! Thankfully, these questions are no longer on the SAT. Secondly, all vocab words are about medium difficulty, sodon't expect to see hard words such as pugnacious and obstreperous. Instead, the SAT will test you on more common words, usually ones with multiple meanings. On SAT Reading, vocab questions are calledWords in Context questions; theseask you to match a word with the correct meaning.On the Writing section, vocab questions that ask you to replace (or leave as is) a certain word in a passage are called Precision questions. Here’s an example of a Words in Context SAT Reading question (with the relevant line from the passage): Source: Official SAT Practice Test #1 And here’s an example of an SAT Writing Precision question (again, with the relevant line from the passage): Source: Official SAT Practice Test #2 As you can see, you'll need to be especially adept at using context clues to figure out which word best fits the tone and meaning of the sentence in the passage. That said, remember that vocab doesn’t make up a particularly large part of the SAT.Based on our analysis ofofficial SAT practice tests, we've found that you’ll get aroundseven Words in Context questions (~13%)on Reading, and about three Precision questions(~7%) on Writing. Next up, we look at the four best methods you can use for your SAT vocabulary practice sessions. The 4 Best Methods for Quality SAT Vocab Practice Now that you understand how vocab is tested on the SAT and how important it is, how can you study effectively for it?Here are some of the best methods you can use to get quality SAT vocab practice. Method 1: Use Flashcards and the Waterfall Method By far the best way to study SAT vocab is to make flashcards and use the waterfall method. The waterfall method is a way of going through a deck of flashcards so that you learn all the words in it- even the hardest ones! Here’s how to use this method: start with a deck of about 30-50 cards. This will be your Starting Stack: Go through the entire stack. Put the cards you know in a Know It pile, and the cards you don’t know in a Struggled pile as so: Now, pick up your Struggled pile and go through all the cards in it again. For the words you know, put them in a second Know It pile. For the words you don’t know, put them in a Struggled pile. This will give you two Know It piles and one Struggled pile: Repeat these steps until you have one to five cards left in your Struggled pile: At this point, you’ll have gone through your entire deck and should have multiple Know It piles and one Struggled pile. It's now time to work back up your "waterfall" of flashcards. To do this, combine your Struggled pile with your most recent Know It pile (i.e., the one closest to your Struggled pile). This will be your Working pile: Go through all the words in your Working pile until you've memorized all the meanings in it. If you forget any, go through the entire deck again.This might sound annoying, but it's a crucial step that'll ultimately help you memorize all the words and their meanings. Repeat this process bycombining the pile in your hands with the next Know It pile and then going through it in full until you’ve gotten down all the words' meanings in it. By the time you finish, you should be back at your Starting Stack.You now know all the words in your deck! If you have more vocab words you’d like to study, repeat this entire process (again, using decks of about 30-50 cards) until you’ve memorized all the SAT words you want to know. Method 2: Take an Online SAT Vocabulary Practice Test Another great way to get in some SAT vocab practice is to take online vocab tests or quizzes. Quizzes are great for putting your SAT vocab knowledge to the test.You can find (or make) an SAT vocabulary practice test through free websites such as QuizletandCram. On Quizlet, you can study with flashcards and then use the Test function to take a randomized quiz that includes only the words in your deck. Feel free to skip the question formats that aren’t relevant to the SAT. For example, you won't need to write in vocab words on the SAT, so don't bother doing the write-in questions. Cram is similar to Quizlet: with this site, you can study SAT words using digital flashcards and then take an SAT vocabulary practice test using the Test function. Again, some question types aren't particularly helpful, so try to focus on the questions that are most similar to those on the SAT, particularly the multiple-choice ones. A word of caution, though: if you’re studying with a pre-made flashcard deck, be sure to choose one that contains relevant SAT vocab.The difficulty and type of vocab have changed a lot since 2016.Therefore, the easiest way to ensure you're studying appropriate words is to look for decks created in 2016 or later. You should also check that the definitions and parts of speech are correct so that you’re actually learning the right information! Method 3: Read in Context Since the SAT is all about context, it’s a good idea to study SAT vocab by simply reading more in general.This method can help you make more accurate educated guesses on the SAT, and also teaches you to more quickly identify the tone and purpose of a passage. Here's how to use it: Find a paragraph or passage to read (see the next section for tips on what resources you can use). Begin reading it. Whenever you come across a word you don’t know in the text,try to use the context of the sentence it's in to guess its meaning. Look up the definition of the word (it also helps to see what its synonyms are since the SAT loves to ask for these). If you didn't know the correct meaning, write down the word and its actual definition on your vocab list or in your flashcard deck so you can study it later. If you'd prefer a more convenient way to read in context, try using the free browser application ProfessorWord. This application identifies potential SAT/ACT vocab words in online articles and provides definitions for them, too. Here’s an example of the application in action (using an article taken from The Atlantic): Method 4: Take Official SAT Practice Tests The final way you can get SAT vocabulary practice is to takeofficial SAT practice tests. This method is a great one to try after you’ve used most or all of the ones above and want to test out your vocab skills in the context of a full-length SAT. Moreover, you’ll get to see how questions are worded, what kinds of words you should know, and how much time it takes you to answer them.There are currentlyeight full-length tests available. I suggest taking one official practice test before you begin any SAT vocab practice.This way you’ll be able to get a feel for what questions and vocab words are most challenging for you. When taking a practice test, make sure to emulate real testing conditions as closely as possible: take the test in a quiet room and abide byofficial SAT time limits.Once done, check your answers and calculate your score. Take care to look closely at the vocab questions you answered on both the Reading and Writing sections. Here's how to proceed depending on how many vocab questions you answered correctly in your first practice test: If you got most vocab questions right, congratulations! You’re doing pretty well with your SAT vocab practice. Continue reviewing any difficult words using, ideally, a combination of the resources above (such as flashcards, websites, etc.). If you got most vocab questions wrong, take this as an opportunity to figure out what tripped you up. Were there too many vocab words you didn’t know? Did you run out of time? Look for patterns in your mistakes. Once you’ve determined your specific weakness, use SATReading and Writing practice questions, as well asofficial and unofficial full-length SAT practice tests, to track your progress. Top 5 Free Resources for SAT Vocab Practice So far we've given you our four best methods for studying SAT vocabulary. In this section, we give you the five best free resources you can use for top-notch SAT vocabulary practice. #1: The College Board We've already talked about the importance of using full-length SAT practice tests, but this isn't everything. Through the College Board website, you can access tons of official SAT practice questions, some of which center on vocab.In total, you'll get24 SAT Reading and 22 Writing questions, complete with in-depth answer explanations. Though most of these questions aren’t vocab questions, you can still use them to practice reading in context and to get a better feel for the types of words you’ll be expected to know on these two sections. #2: Khan Academy A partner of the College Board, Khan Academyis a free website offering tons of official SAT practice questions, which you can use to get even more quality SAT vocab practice. With this website, you can not only practice vocab in the context of realistic SAT questions, but you can also get tips on how to answer Reading and Writing questions and how to read passages effectively. For more advice, check out our articleon how to use Khan Academy in your SAT prep. #3: PrepScholar SAT Vocab List If you’re not a fan of having to look for SAT vocab words on your own, never fear- we make it easy for you! Our extensive SAT vocab list (coming soon) contains more than250 of the most common SAT vocab words.We chose these words based on what we found in official SAT practice tests and other high-quality online SAT vocab lists. The best way to use our vocab list is to make your own (paper or digital) flashcards.While you don’t need to memorize every single word, being familiar with them will definitely give you a leg up on test day. By studying our list, you'll waste less time trying to figure out the meaning of a word and will have a better chance of choosing the correct answer. #4: Anki Not into the idea of making paper flashcards for your SAT vocab practice? Then consider usingAnki as an alternative. Unlike Quizlet and Cram- those free flashcard-making websites we mentioned above- Anki is a free software you can download directly onto your computer. So, no,you don’t need to have an internet connection in order to use it when you study SAT vocab! With this program, you can downloadflashcard decks submitted by other users or make your own. Its special spaced-repetition software (SRS) makes it so that you’ll study difficult cards more often than cards you already know (similar to how the waterfall method works). #5: Newspapers and Publications If you’re studying vocab by reading in context, you'll need to find relevant articles in order to get high-quality SAT vocab practice. Studying for the SAT involves reading articles on a wide variety of topics.According to the College Board, you’ll get the following quantities and types of reading passages on SAT Reading: One passage from a classic or contemporary piece of US or world literature One passage (or pair of passages) based on a US founding document or text in the Great Global Conversation One social science passage Two science passages In addition, here are the types of passages you’ll see on SAT Writing: History Social studies Science It’s crucial toregularly read a variety of articles as you study vocab for the SAT. For example, it won’t help you to read only science articles since these will likely use the same types of terms and won’t teach you anything new after a while. Here are some of the best online (and free) publications to use for your SAT vocabulary practice: US and World Literature: The New Yorker, The Paris Review, The New York Review of Books, The Los Angeles Review of Books History/Social Science/Social Studies: The Washington Post, The New York Times, The Atlantic, Time, The Economist Science: Psychology Today, Wired, Discover, Popular Science Conclusion: The Best SAT Vocab Practice Although vocab doesn’t play a large role on the SAT, it’s important to know what kinds of words and questions you should expect on the SAT Reading and Writing sections. Most SAT vocab words are about medium difficulty and will have multiple meanings. By far the four best methods to use for your SAT vocab practice are as follows: Make flashcards and use the waterfall method to study all the words in your deck Take online vocab tests and quizzes on free websites such as Quizlet and Cram Read in context using high-quality resources such as online newspapers and literary magazines Take official SAT practice tests In terms of SAT vocab resources, we recommend starting with the College Board and Khan Academy to get as many official SAT vocab practice questions as you can. Other solid options include the following: Our PrepScholar SAT vocab list, which contains more than 250 high-frequency vocab words Anki, a free downloadable software with which you can make and download flashcards Online newspapers and publications that cover a wide range of topics and genres, such asThe New York Times, Psychology Today, and The Paris Review You're now equipped with all the most important info you need to start studying SAT vocab! What’s Next? Not sure which vocabulary words to study for the SAT?Check out our comprehensive list of 250+ SAT vocab words. Our ultimate SAT Reading guideexplainshow to read passages effectively and how to find the correct answer choice for Reading questions. Likewise,our Writing guideoffers expert advice on the most important things you need to know, from grammar rules to passage-reading strategies. Got more questions about the SAT's Evidence-Based Reading and Writing section?Our guide tells you what's tested on the Reading and Writing sections, goes over how each section is scored, and provides you with key tips for doing well on the SAT. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes your prep program to your strengths and weaknesses. We also feature thousands of practice questions, 6 official SAT practice tests, and personal feedback on your essays from an expert instructor. Check out our 5-day free trial:

To what extent should there be employee voice within the workplace and Essay - 1

To what extent should there be employee voice within the workplace and organisations - Essay Example Employee voice also helps the organizations to increase the overall performance level giving importance to the employees and creating an atmosphere where the employees can feel at home. It also helps to increase productivity and the quality of the products for a particular organization, as the higher authority appraises their employees and engage them to evaluate their performance (Marsden, 2009). Hereby, the prime objective of this study is to highlight the employee voice and its importance in today’s world. This paper would also include the present scenario of employee voice and how it is beneficial to the workplace of various organizations from an in depth view with illustrations. Employee voice is the practice where the employees or the workers have their right to put their opinions and to take part in certain decision-making activities. Employee voice includes employee’s behavior, attitudes, interests and openness among others. It helps an organization to be more stable and constructive which, in turn, leads to the overall development in the organizational productivity. It is worth mentioning in this context that employee voice is the process which enhances the performance of the employees to a specific extent. The employee voice not only includes all the employees, but also involves the various stakeholders related to the organization to effectively improve and manage the arrangements which already exist in the internal business environment. In other words, employee voice is the practice which satisfies the employee needs and assists an organization to implement various strategies with the help of opinions and viewpoints of the employees and manager s. In the present scenario, employee voice has become an integral role or part of the strategic improvement process implemented in organizations to enhance the quality of work and also to improve the relationship among the workers (Holley et al.,

Strategic Management Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Strategic Management - Coursework Example The rising consumer needs in the developing as well as the developed markets is generating a uniform business opportunity. Companies of local as well as international origin are actively focusing on entering newer markets as well as expanding their presence in existing markets so as to capitalize the newly emerging business opportunities. The business firms of the 21st century are actively focusing on radical as well as disruptive innovation so as to effectively fulfill the needs of the masses. It is important to highlight that the because of the presence of multiple firms offering homogenous products and services, the competition in the market is extremely high. The availability of similar kinds of product and service offerings are resulting in the increase in power for the buyers. It has to be said that to deal with the intense market competition as well as to retain their competitive edge, the organizations needs to design as well as execute successful strategies. This particular assignment focuses on the aspects of strategy development, cutting edge technology as well as the sustainable competitive advantage which are necessary for present day organizations. Traditionally, organizations around the world follow a well designed hierarchy, the top of which is often tasked with the responsibility of strategy planning as well as implementation. For the implementation as well as execution of strategies, companies in various corners of the world often follow the usual one way top down implementation approach. Over the course of execution of business, there have often been doubts about whether it is possible to design effective strategies without following the traditional top down route. In order to find a satisfying answer to this particular focus, it is important to highlight that there is a high level of persistence that is associated with the hierarchical concept of an organization. Organizations which

Juice Concentrate Industry Essay Example for Free

Juice Concentrate Industry Essay Juice is a liquid that is naturally contained in fruit and vegetables. It is commonly consumed as a beverage or used as an ingredient or flavouring in foods. Juice is prepared by mechanically squeezing or macerating fruit or vegetable flesh without the application of heat or solvents. For example, orange juice is the liquid extract of the fruit of the orange tree, and tomato juice is the liquid that results from pressing the fruit of the tomato plant. Common methods for preservation and processing of fruit juices include canning,pasteurization, concentrating[1], freezing, evaporation and spray drying. A concentrate is a form of substance which has had the majority of its base component (in the case of a liquid: the solvent) removed. Typically this will be the removal of water from a solution or suspension such as the removal of water from fruit juice. One benefit of producing a concentrate is that of a reduction in weight and volume for transportation as the concentrate can be re-constituted at the time of usage by the addition of the solvent. Process Description The following processes concerns mainly with the fruit to juice concentrate production. Thorough process outline will be presented in the final paper. Harvesting/collection Oranges are harvested from large groves. When the mature fruit is ready to pick, a crew of pickers is sent in to pull the fruit off the trees. For higher picking rate companies on the other hand, use mechanical pickers instead of crew of pickers. The collected fruit is sent to plants for juice processing. The oranges are generally shipped via truck to juice extraction facilities, where they are unloaded by a gravity feed onto a conveyor belt that transports the fruit to a storage bin. Washing As the fruits are unloaded from the trucks, they are washed and loaded to belt conveyors proceeding inside the extraction plant. This process removes debris and dirt and reduces the number of microbes. Selection and Sizing Before extraction process, the fruits are manually selected and grouped based on size and color. Extraction Proper juice extraction is important to optimize the efficiency of the juice production process as well as the quality of the finished drink. The latter is true because oranges have thick peels, which contain bitter resins that must be carefully separated to avoid tainting the sweeter juice. There are two automated extraction methods commonly used by the industry. The first places the fruit between two metal cups with sharpened metal tubes at their base. The upper cup descends and the fingers on each cup mesh to express the juice as the tubes cut holes in the top and bottom of the fruit. The fruit solids are compressed into the bottom tube between the two plugs of peel while the juice is forced out through perforations in the tube wall. At the same time, a water spray washes away the oil from the peel. This oil is reclaimed for later use. The second type of extraction has the oranges cut in half before the juice is removed. The fruits are sliced as they pass by a stationary knife and the halves are then picked up by rubber suction cups and moved against plastic serrated reamers. The rotating reamers express the juice as the orange halves travel around the conveyor line. For massive industrial production, the most effective is the former method. The peels and pulps are collected to be used later for further steps in the production. Pasteurization Pasteurization is still required to further retard spoilage. Pasteurization also inactivates certain enzymes which cause the pulp to separate from the juice, resulting in an aesthetically undesirably beverage. This enzyme related clarification is one of the reasons why fresh squeezed juice has a shelf life of only a few hours. Flash pasteurization minimizes flavour changes from heat treatment and is recommended for premium quality products. Several pasteurization methods are commercially used. One common method passes juice through a tube next to a plate heat exchanger, so the juice is heated without direct contact with the heating surface. Another method uses hot, pasteurized juice to preheat incoming unpasteurized juice. The preheated juice is further heated with steam or hot water to the pasteurization temperature. Typically, reaching a temperature of 185-201.2Â ° F (85-94Â ° C) for about 30 seconds is adequate to reduce the microbe count and prepare the juice for filling.

Social Security and Corporate Welfare Essays -- Papers Clinton Medicar

Social Security and Corporate Welfare 'Social Security—the nation's largest, costliest, and most successful domestic program has reached a critical juncture in its development. As its creators anticipated, nearly every wage earner now pays taxes into the system. In principle, all citizens may be eligible for "entitlements" at some point in their lives. Yet...senior citizens worry that their benefits will be cut; younger Americans are skeptical—if not cynical—about their own benefits upon retirement.' — W. Andrew Achenbaum This summation of the state of Social Security was written more than a twenty years ago. Looking back, it seems as though the Social Security system frequently reaches a state of crisis in which predictions of its end arise. Since it was enacted in 1935, Social Security has been amended often, most recently in 1983, when Congress imposed a tax on the benefits of high-income retirees, raised the retirement age, and revised the tax-rate schedule. Today, the future of Social Security is in the news again. The reason Social Security is of such concern is that the extremely large group of citizens born in the post-World War II period—the much-discussed baby-boom generation—is retiring. The generation that will take its place in the workforce is far smaller in proportion to the number of retirees, raising fears about the sustainability of Social Security. In the past, proposed solutions to the various problems facing Social Security aroused great debate. Each time, however, the arguments were stilled, repairs were made, and the system continued to fulfill its mandate. That uncertainty about the future has resulted in suggestions for change that range from minor adjustments to complete privatization of the ... ...6. Fisher Center for Information Technology & Management, University of California in Berkeley. June 1995 3. Mark E. Nissen. Commerce Model & the Intelligent Hub. CommerceNet CALS Working Group Presentation. November 1995 4. Michael Bloch, Yves Pigneur. The extended enterprise, a descriptive framework, some enabling technologies and case studies in the Lotus Notes environment. Ecole des HEC INFORGE, University of Lausanne, Switzerland. 1995. Jun. Report No.: TR-YP-91. 5.Don Tapscott. The digital economy. McGraw Hill, 1995 6.Brian A. Johnson, John H. Ott, Jack M. Stephenson, Paal K. Weberg. Banking on multimedia. The McKinsey Quarterly 1995. 7.Gregory Wester, Stephen Franco. The Internet Shakeout 1996. Interactive Commerce Research Bulletin. the Yankee Group, Boston, MA. December 1995 8. http://www.emarketer.com/eStats/welcome.html

Strategic Management report for Breadtalk

IntroductionFounded in July 2000, Breadtalk Ltd started off as a bakery that is based in Singapore and was listed in the Singapore Stock Exchange three years later in 2003. Breadtalk Ltd aims to endeavor for modernism and creating idiosyncratic flavors to the civic and a dream of being a global brand name. With these goals at hand, Breadtalk Ltd began to initiate a new food tradition that allows it to have a unique aggressive advantage, which has led to the growth of the bakery business, to food atrium and restaurant outlets. To date, they have more than 300 bakery outlets across 13 countries and territories, which include franchises and 25 retail bakery outlets in Singapore. In addition, it also has 33 food courts and 8 restaurants which are supported by over 5000 staff worldwide (Bamburg, 2006)SWOT ANALYSISThe Swot analysis refers to strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, and will determine the challenges in the external environment which the firm has less control and str engths that need to address by the company.StrengthsBreadtalk is able to have some internal strengths in which are beneficial to the company that includes: Strong â€Å"Breadtalk.† brand name, ability to obtain economies of scale, strong human resource, strong R&D team to add innovation to product offerings and strong franchise relationships.WeaknessesBreadtalk faces some minor weaknesses like, over-reliance on the bakery sector, over-reliance on the Singapore region; their product offerings are easily imitated, there is limited control of flour since it is obtained from third party sources (Coyle, 2012). In addition, the franchise division requires high cost involvement, and a constant need for the renewal of the franchise license to be franchising other brands. This is not a long term solution in terms of company expansion.OpportunitiesBreadtalk Ltd oppose its main weaknesses by expanding and merge its market in china, Asian and other Vietnam countries with its low-priced h igh volume breads and affordability.Threats Existing bread related firms and bakery shops will affect the revenue of Breadtalk.PESTEL ANALYSISPestel analysis is an important tool to help Breadtalk Ltd to assist monitor and detect all weak signals to recognize the fractures to shape the environment or discontinuities.Political /Legal factorsPolitical factor constitutes all legal fundamentals like taxation, legislation, deregulation philosophies and labor training (Anthony, 2008). Increasing trade barriers has created an opportunity and challenge to Breadtalk as it can penetrate the market by emerging companies in political stable countries to explore the new market especially where bread could be luxury, and at the same time Breadtalk will have to challenge all types of sources to source for low cost high quality from world over.Economic factorsThe growth of a financial structure will accrue advantage to industries, but its cause will differ according to which factors that are affect ed the most. (Anthony, 2008). Price fluctuations of commodity and raw material and rise in world fuel prices cause the rise of purchasing costs for Breadtalk and the extra cost has to pass over the consumers by increasing the price of their products.Social factorsSocial factors include traditions, lifestyles, values, beliefs, tastes, attitudes and workforce diversity and will greatly influence the consumer spending patterns within the environment or a country. Breadtalk penetrates into the markets of other Asian continent countries, societal factors come into consideration. Indian and Chinese customers have different culture in lifestyle, and have different opinions and needs on the current products offered.Technological factorsTechnological factors include product innovation, technologies in communication and application of knowledge. The rapid change in technology has allowed new entrants to enter the market at a low cost base. Current processes and equipment with many infrastruct ural strategies can be utilized by Breadtalk to ensure the cost of labor and manufacture and orders to  process faster due to globalization and shifts in technical factors.Environment factorsAt Breadtalk, they know that they need to blend into any type of environment in order to be successful. They make use of resources that the environment can provide, and delivered the desired goods in return. Sometime the environment may pose a threat in which may challenge Breadtalk or may also create fresh opportunities.PORTER 5 ANALYSISPorter five forces analysis was used to study the long run projections for review. .Since it generates 45% of its revenue from the bakery industry and 49% from Singapore, heavy reliance on a single division is dangerous because the risk is heavily contained in a single segment. On the other hand, in the current time, Breadtalk tries to expand this by increasing profitability in the industry of baking.Intensity of rivalry among competitors (High)The bakery busi ness in general is driven by cut-throat competition from companies producing similar products. Breadtalk has undeviating competitors ranging from large bakery contract brands to retail bakery outlets. These competitors offer analogous products but at a highly competitive prices. Moreover, prices offered by individual bakery outlets located at neighborhoods are usually much lower than larger chains of bakeries (Cassiman and Colombo, 2004).Threat of new entrants (High)Low entry barriers resulted in a high threat of new entrants in business; a large segment still retails similar products and is able to emulate each other’s products quickly.Threat of substitutes (High)Products substitutes are usually a hazard in the bakery industry as their prices can be reasonably go down, and customers face low switch of expenditure for gaining utility of the same needs and wants. Substitutes like munchies and junk food can be an imminent threat. Substitutes may range from snack joints in the t erritory of the business.Suppliers (Low)Suppliers normally have low bargaining power in the industry as there are a number of them still in existence. The suppliers are not able to blotch up their goods radically as most of the customers more often than not, acquire in huge quantities. Furthermore, due to the fact that unprocessed resources like flour and wheat don’t vary largely in excellence and in capacity, across suppliers, this advances barriers supplying bargaining power of the suppliers.Customers (High)Customers are at liberty to enjoy huge bargaining power, as they suffer low switching costs in the bakery industry, and in addition, the demand for food is highly price elastic, which means that most of the consumers will be price sensitive to any price adjustments and they wouldn’t be hesitant to vary their tastes and preferences accordingly.  INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS  ResourcesThis analysis seeks to review and summarize Breadtalk’s tangible and i ntangible resources at the end of the 2012 financial year (Halibozek, 2005).Tangible resources (assets) Breadtalk’s tangible resources (fixed assets) are land, buildings and equipment. The currents assets are current assets and inventories (raw-materials, semi-finished goods, consumables and base inventories (dining utensils and cutlery).Intangible resources (assets)Breadtalk’s intangible resources are trademarks, copyrights, and brand.Breadtalk Ltd capabilitiesBreadtalk’s future aspiration plan by 2015, is to double its revenue to $1billion and expand its outlets to 2000 by the year 2017. The targeted expansion market areas include U.S, Thailand, Japan, Korea, Singapore, India, Cambodia and Vietnam. The company is capable and has the potential because its brand name is recognized worldwide. In order to increase production, the company has pumped $10 million in mechanization and computerization. Breadtalk also built a ten storey building designed like a pastry s tructure and a central kitchen in its head quarters which has a  research lab and training colleges.CONCLUSIONStrategic management and organization, is a prerequisite to every firm or company, and it’s a collective responsibility of every employee from management to subordinate to play an active role in ensuring that the annual targets are met, this is important in determining the progress of organization on the basis of upward and downward trend in total revenue annually. Every organization uses strategic management concepts and method to enjoy elevated levels of performance.RECOMMENDATIONThe recommendations made by Breadtalk will be used as a tool for coping with the addressed challenges in the process of diversification plan. The company should implement a slower diversification strategy in order to have a good understanding of the customers and competitors’ strengths and weaknesses. By doing so, Breadtalk will be able to tackle the changes more effectively and pr ecisely. Breadtalk can also espouse a branding strategy which will be globalize to ensure reliability and manage the complexities of different consumer tastes and preferences in different markets globally.

“Daddy Long Legs” by Jean Webster Essay

Daddy Long Legs was written by Jean Webster on 1912. Her books often feature young female protagonists who develop into a beautiful butterfly from being a caterpillar, so to speak. They mature intellectually, socially and morally. Jerusha â€Å"Judy† Abbott is the perfect example. She is an 18-year old girl who grew up in an orphanage. She became sort of a helper as well in the orphanage since she is one of the eldest there. One day, one of the trustees that visit the orphanage every first Wednesday of the month offered Judy an opportunity to go to college as long as she becomes a writer and a monthly letter will be sent regarding the progress of her college life. The offer also mentioned that the benefactor remains unknown and replies will not be given. She can only communicate with the secretary. Throughout college, Judy met new friends from different social classes, saw the world outside the orphanage and honed her skill in writing. She was able to write several poems and books that were rejected but still pursued until she perfected a book that satisfied the standards of one of the several publishing house where she sent her stories. She never spoiled herself too much because she felt that the world does not owe her anything. In the end, she got her book published and fell in love. By just reading the title, one won’t know what the book is all about until one reads it. The book took me by surprise since I had a different kind of story in mind. I loved the book because it showed hope, kindness, determination and love. It showed hope on the part of Judy Abbott for after spending her childhood in an orphanage she was given a chance to see the world outside the John Grier Home by going to college. The book is also composed of a series of letters written by Judy regarding her progress in college which is rather a one-sided correspondence. I do imagine where Judy is coming from. While growing up, Judy never experienced what it is like to have a family or anyone for that matter showing the slightest interest in her and then suddenly, someone starts showering you with kindness, I’ll be very grateful for that. Although the deal was clearly said to Judy that no reply will be given from her benefactor, Judy still continued writing with humour, honesty, and life as if she really knew Daddy Long Legs. She kept her feet on the ground that she never let neither the new environment she is in nor the gifts that Daddy Long Legs gave her change who she is but has helped her mold who she is going to be. Throughout  college, Judy transformed into a lively and attractive young woman. She takes enormous delight in the little pleasures of ordinary life and believed in free will. She believes that regretting the past and anticipating the future makes you miss out the beauty of life that the present has to offer. The book, however, ended with Judy falling in love with Jervie Pendleton who happens to be Daddy Long Legs. The ending was romantic but also bothered me a bit since there is a fourteen year age gap between the two. But I guess, with the setting in 1912, women fell in love with more mature men. Judy even considered Daddy Long Legs her composite family. But WHAT CAN I SAY? True love prevails. It was justified at the end that Judy fell in love with Jervie Pendleton and NOT Daddy Long Legs who just happens to be her benefactor. It’s such a sweet finish but left me hanging. It would have been better if Judy did not leave Jervie while recovering from illness. It was mentioned, however, that they will be reunited again. I will definitely recommend this book. It is simple yet has a twist in the storyline. It is a wonderful story and it is a surprise love story because you’ll think that it is just a story of an orphaned girl who becomes an author with the help of a stranger. You won’t realize who loves whom until you get right to the very end. The love-hate-anger-gratitude relationship between Judy and the benefactor is also quite interesting. It appeals to all ages, young and old. It is easy to read because of the letter format.

Japanese Relocation in WWII essays

Japanese Relocation in WWII essays In December of 1941 following the attack on Pearl Harbor, the United States went into a state of panic and war preparation. Among the panic, Americans began to feat that there were Japanese spies among the population of Japanese-Americans. Loyalty was a strong custom in Japan, and many feared that this loyalty would turn Japanese-Americans against the United States. The government became concerned with national defense as the war with Japan began, so General J. L. De Witt, the head of the western defense command, urged Congress to relocate thousands of Japanese Americans living in California to detention camps. He was not concerned with whether or not the person is an American citizen, just that they were of Japanese decent. De Witt wanted to move those of Japanese decent because the Western Coast was close to the Pacific Ocean, where most battles would be fought with the Japanese. The relocation of 120,000 Japanese to detention camps directly violated the Constitution in many ways, although the Supreme Court never ruled that this removal was unconstitutional. Many historians and political analysts, however, believe that direct rights were violated (1). Article XIV. Section 1 of the Constitution declares that, No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. (2) This right was directly violated when the Japanese-Americans were taken to the relocation camps without due process of law. Article IV of the Constitution protects the people from unreasonable searches and seizures. A warrant describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized is needed to raid a home. No such warrant existed when the 120,000 people were seized from there homes. (1,2) Furthe...

The Importance of Providing the Best Learning Condition Through Online Public Schooling for ADD/ADHD Students

The Importance of Providing the Best Learning Condition Through Online Public Schooling for ADD/ADHD Students Albert Einstein once said, â€Å"I never teach my pupils. I only attempt to provide the conditions in which they can learn† (King p. 126). For the ADD/ADHD student, providing the best learning condition is often overwhelming and seems impossible to achieve. Online public schooling is a solution to meeting this type of student’s educational needs. An online education addresses an ADD student’s need for a more individualized, self-paced/flexible learning experience. Organizational skills are easier to manage in an online system. The community of learners, who have the same interests as the student, is broadened to include the world and not limited to a small classroom. Teachers state that â€Å"ADD students, who have difficulty learning in a traditional classroom, often do better in a setting that provides them with a more individualized, self-paced and flexible learning experience.†(Schwartz) Online public education is one way to provide this type of experience. Traditionally, in a brick and mortar school, many ADD students raise their hand to ask a question and the teacher never answers, while others get into trouble for asking too many questions. In online schooling, a student is able to think about an answer to a question before discussing it. One source has stated, â€Å"It also helps students who need time to gather their thoughts during a discussion† (Rae Jacobson). In online schools, such as Texas Connections Academy, livelessons are provided (and recorded) to aid students in these types of discussions. If the student is unable to attend the livelesson, or needs to hear the information again, the student is able to replay the lesson as many times as they need until they understand the concept. The â€Å"re-watching† of a lesson is not possible in a traditional school. An online student is able to complete the schoolwork at their own rate. Students can work at a time of the day that best fits their biological clock. â€Å"Your child can choose the time of day or night when he works best† (Rae Jacobson). Since some ADD students learn faster than others, an online school gives the student the opportunity to move on. They do not have to sit there and wait on other students to finish before moving on to the next assignment. Individualized learning and the ability to succeed, is a must for all students with learning difficulties. ADD students often have difficulty with organizational skills and completing tasks on a strict time schedule. For an ADD student, going from class to class can be challenging. A brick and mortar school requires students to carry all of their supplies and switch between teachers, assignments, and classrooms in a timely fashion (Cedar Hill High School). Traditional schools expect students to sit rigidly at a desk that does not fit the shape of the student’s body. In an online public-school system, students do not have to carry around textbooks, or supplies. A majority of their schoolwork is already organized right in front of them. Everything is at the student’s fingertips. The classroom is the students home or library. The optimum learning time for ADD students can vary. Brick and mortar high school students are on a fixed schedule and students must attend classes at a designated time and complete homework assignments in the evenings (Cedar Hill High School). Online stud ents have the ability to access and complete the class materials at any time, day or night. From my personal experience with Texas Connections Academy, I know that you are able to get access to your lessons and especially the message board, at any time of day. Your child can choose the time of day or night when he works best. â€Å"There is no set class schedule so you can attend class any time of day† (Southwestern Oklahoma State University). The burden of being super-organized and on a time crunch is virtually eliminated in an online school. Opponents of online school say â€Å"There’s something about watching a movie with a large group of people that is different from watching it all alone. Same for the classroom, it’s a group experience† While the quote itself may be true, this argument is narrow in its statement. Online education is beneficial and actually broadens the community for the ADD student. The student is no longer stuck in a small room. They have the ability to be a part of a group of people with the same interests all over the world. Thomas Jefferson believed in learning from others and practicing what he learned from others. Online schooling can increase the cultural experiences of the student. â€Å"It is important for students to have a deeper global awareness and understanding of other cultures† (Josà © Picardo) from any part of the world. The greatest way for a student to learn about another part of the world is to talk to a person who lives in that part of the world. Choos ing an online school, like Texas Connections Academy, keeps in mind the importance of social interactions and includes field trips as part of their curriculum. A student is not limited in an online classroom and has the possibility of learning more by talking to people from around the world and listening to their story of an event first hand, instead of reading a boring textbook in a traditional classroom. The impossible is possible with online schooling. Meeting an ADD/ADHD student’s individual learning style is important in order for them to have a successful educational experience that prepares them for the real world. Online schooling is the real world. The community of learners, who have the same interests as the student, is massive. Flexible learning can help meet the needs of a diverse range of students, allowing students to combine their work, their study, and even their family, and enables the students to develop skills and attributes to successfully adapt to change† (Ryerson University). Online, flexible learning, gives students the choice of when, where, and how they learn. All students can learn, if given the right condition to do so. An online education opens a door for the learning challenged student to be competitive in the 21st century. George W. Bush once said â€Å"†¦We’ll never be able to compete in the 21st century unless we have an educati on system that doesn’t quit on children, an education system that raises standards, an education that makes sure there’s excellence in every classroom† (Bush p. 2495). Online schooling is that classroom that provides excellence for ADD/ADHD students.

Asa Philip Randolph Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Asa Philip Randolph - Research Paper Example He lectured at the Rand School of Social Science after the World War 1 (Randolph Biography 2014). Asa Philip Randolph was born in Crescent City, Florida in April 1889 as a second son of reverend William James Randolph, who was a tailor and at the same time a minister in the African Methodist Episcopal Church and Elizabeth Randolph who was a skilled tailor. After his graduation, Randolph did some odd jobs and dedicated most of his time in activities like reading, acting, and singing. For example, WEB Dubois’ â€Å"The Souls of Black Folk† greatly influenced him towards the importance of social equity (Lamar 1998). Asa Randolph Phillip is one of the few Black Americans who made tremendous contributions in history through their work and their influence to the general public. He was the leader of African American civil rights movement, the American labor movements and Socialist political parties. Asa Randolph Philip is responsible for organizing and giving leadership to the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, which is preponderantly regarded as the first black labor union. He is called the most dangerous black in America more importantly, because of the kind of influence he demonstrated to have across the American society (Harmon 2000). Asa Randolph Philip demonstrated his charisma, as he is responsible for what is called the historic 1963 march on Washington, where he led more than two hundred and fifty people. It is referred to as the March on Washington movement, which is said to have convinced President Roosevelt to issue executive order 8802 in the year 1941, which led to banning the discriminatory practices that were too evident in the defense industries during the Second World War. This movement was organized by B. Rustin, at which Luther King Jr. birthed his â€Å"I Have A Dream† speech (Hardy 1993). The march on Washington saw thousands of Americans joining hands and uniting under the slogan â€Å"jobs and